Middle East Peace
| Israel-Palestine | Iraq and Arab lands | Interfaith relationships | Iran |
| Church responses | PC(USA) General Assembly 2006 actions |
Theologians seek to give leadership on biblical approaches
 Some 65 theologians from World Council of Churches member churches around the world will gather in Switzerland on September 10-14 to begin development of a handbook for congregations to help them reflect on the Church and Israel. One of the goals "is to deepen church understanding of biblical promises concerning the land and its peoples. This will require a holistic approach to the biblical message, promoting common understanding of how theological issues may be related to the conflict," says Michel Nseir of the WCC staff. "Different approaches to biblical and theological issues should not prevent common action for a just peace." Among the announced participants are American scholar Harvey Cox, Swiss scholar Jean-Claude Basset, Palestinian archbishop Elias Chacour, and the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem, Michel Sabbah.
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Establishing a fundamental principle about apportioning blame
Yehezkel Landau, an American-born Jew who long lived in Israel, recalled to his academic community at Hartford Seminary the thinking of a former rector of the Tantur Ecumenical Institute in Jerusalem, Donald Nicholl. He said, "If we try to 'explain' politically motivated violence by resorting to an ideology that apportions blame to one side or another, we are denying the horror experienced by the victims and absolving the perpetrators of any real moral responsibility for their actions. . . . In so doing, we deny, or at least distort, the common humanity shared by the victims, the perpetrators, and ourselves." See the action of the PC(USA) 218th General Assembly (2008) that calls Presbyterians to stop unrealistic caricatures of conflict participants.
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Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) interfaith relationships are particularly entwined with concerns of the Middle East, where Jew, Christian, and Muslim meet -- each with sisters and brothers in our own country and elsewhere.
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Middle East peace: Israel and Palestine
Leaders speak out
November 2007: Some 80 Evangelical leaders call for a two-state solution, saying the "Bible clearly teaches that God longs for justice and peace for all people." Presbyterian signers include Marilyn Borst, Jack Haberer, John Huffman, Richard Mouw, Earl Palmer, Don Wagner. They follow an earlier effort to correct the perception that all American evangelicals oppose a two-state solution.
January 2008: A letter to Bush from the National Interreligious Leadership Initiative for Peace in the Middle East (NILI), advocates urgent U.S. engagement and restoration of people's hopes that a peace
agreement is possible. Signers include
Presbyterians Clifton Kirkpatrick, John Buchanan, Michael Livingston, Richard Mouw, Leighton Ford, together with Jews, Muslims, other Christians.
Then-PC(USA) stated clerk Clifton Kirkpatrick speaks out against both Israeli policies in relation to Gaza and Hamas's "indifference." He also says that Gaza's minority Christians have an added threat of violence from their very neighbors.
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February 2008, Kirkpatrick urges the Palestinian Authority's president to hold accountable those who attack Israeli civilians. Kirkpatrick signs a leaders' letter to Rice.
May 2008: The board of Churches for Middle East Peace (CMEP) sends a letter to Bush urging
him to pursue efforts to improve daily life in the Holy Land right now and to help Israel and the Palestinians reach a peace agreement this year. Presbyterian Catherine Gordon is a signatory.
More than 140 Christian leaders sign a joint declaration recognizing the importanceof Israel's 60th anniversary and of the Palestinian's observance of their loss as both being elements in a history. Presbyterian signers include some who signed the November 2007 letter (see above).
June 2008: The PC(USA) 218th General Assembly adopts actions on the Middle East.
July 2008: CMEP sends a letter to presidential candidates John McCain and Barack Obama urging that they publicly commit themselves to making a two-state resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict a top priority, if elected. |
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Organizations of which the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) is a part
The National Council of Churches' governing board decided to make the Middle East a priority focus for a two year period, during the tenure of its current president, Vicken Aykazian, an Armenian bishop born in Turkey. A three-person delegation that visited the region on July 22-August 2, 2008 will report to the September 22-23 meeting of the NCC governing board.
Churches for Middle East Peace (CMEP) has revised its Church Toolkit for Israeli-Palestinian Peacemaking. It is viewable on the web and downloadable in PDF format. CMEP has a partners program. Catherine Gordon is the Presbyterian member of the CMEP board, and Presbyterians John Lindner and Walter Owensby are part of its leadership council.
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Yehezkel Dror, the founding president of the Jewish People Policy Planning Institute, has written an article saying that "the imperatives of existence [of the Jewish people] should be given priority over other concerns." He considers this a tragic but necessary conclusion that would put survival over morality, human rights, or democratization.
Ha'aretz says the population of Israel at 60 is more than nine times greater than when the state was established. It says that just over three-quarters of Israelis are Jews while 20% are Arabs. See its other statistical information.
American Jewish Committee (AJC) executive director David Harris (pictured) has written a blog in which he has respond to American Jews who have given up on AJC for being "too busy protecting the Israeli government" or who conclude that Israel will not have peace because of its own problems with religious Zionists.
Results of a new survey taken for J Street, an American-Jewish pro-Israel peace effort, have been highlighted in an article published by the Guardian in the U.K. The poll looked at Jewish opinion through the lens of the up-coming U.S. elections.
Peace Now released an influential report in August 2008 giving statistics about the increase in construction in West Bank Jewish settlements. Peace Now, the largest peace movement in Israel, has an American affiliate that seeks an American Jewish community and general public who understand the benefits of "security through peace in the Middle East."
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The Ecumenical Accompaniment Program in Palestine and Israel, a WCC initiative, has a U.S. program in partnership with Church World Service. American accompaniers (who have served three-month terms on international teams) include Presbyterians Lloyd Auchard, Robert Traer, and Debbie Blane (pictured).
An international theological consultation on Israel/Palestine, organized by the World Council of Churches (WCC) will convene in Bern, Switzerland on September 10-14, 2008 in order to reflect on such issues as the "promised land," the Church and Israel, and justice and peace. See the Amman Call by the 2007 WCC's Middle East consultation. |
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Middle East peace: Iraq and other Arab lands x
Jews Uniting to End the War and Heal America, a grouping of well-known Jewish activists, has announced a daylong call to action on November 23 at New York City's prestigious Central Synagogue.They plan speeches, panels, and workshops as well as a keynote address by Congressman Jerrold Nadler.
Gregor Henderson, president of the Uniting Church in Australia, has called for his country to spend as much on reconstructing Iraq over a five year period as it did on its now-ended military operations there.
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Middle East peace and American interfaith relationships
 Jewish leader Eric Yoffie called for mutual dialogue at the Islamic Society of North America (ISNA) convention in September 2007 -- also for an end to discrimination against Muslims and united Jewish-Muslim support for a two-state solution to the Israeli/Palestinian conflict. By December he was able to go to his own Union of Reform Judaism conference urging local participation in a specific program for cooperation, and ISNA president Ingrid Mattson spoke. She told the Jewish group that Muslims have instinctively turned to Jewish experience to learn about being a minority in the U.S.; Jews, she believes, will have benefit from having Muslim partners as they struggle with issues of civil liberties and prejudice. Since then, the International Jewish Committee for Interreligious Consultation (IJCIC) and Muslim scholars have each issued a letter to the other. Leaders of Reform Judaism's youth learned this summer about skills in interfaith relations, led by Eboo Patel and Interfaith Youth Core.
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The Global Anti-Semitism Review Act of 2004 requires the State Department to document and combat acts of anti-Semitism. Its latest report to Congress, Contemporary Global Anti-Semitism, describes a new form of anti-Semitism as "criticism of Zionism or Israeli policy that -- whether intentionally or unintentionally -- has the effect of promoting prejudice against all Jews by demonizing Israel and Israelis and attributing Israel's perceived faults to its Jewish character." It says the new form is common in the Middle East and in Muslim communities worldwide, though not confined to these.
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Middle East peace: Iran
The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) uses an interfaith, people approach in its two-week peacemaking trips to Iran. Applications for its February 13, 2009 trip are due on September 15. See the story of two United Church of Christ pastors who were on the May trip.
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An international grouping of Jewish peace activisits, with support from a few others, has released a petition statement opposing an attack on Iran. The American-Jewish peace lobby, J Street, has sent a letter to Congress about Iran policy and is seeking signatures for another. Forward says that Iran is emerging as a pivotal foreign policy issue in the upcoming election that will, for many Jews, be a test of the candidates' commitments.
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The Faithful Security national religious partnership on the danger of nuclear weapons has materials on "Words, Not War, with Iran," including a downloadable study and action guide. An additional short resource comes from Peace-Action, a part of the Win Without War coalition that includes the National Council of Churches. Another perspective is perhaps found in the American Jewish Committee's (AJC) Iranian Leaders Speak downloadable resource, which ends with reference to Iranian support for Hesbollah and the last Lebanon war.
Organized by the Iranian Institute for Interreligious Dialogue (IID) and the World Council of Churches (WCC), some twenty Muslim and Christian women will meet in Gothenburg, Sweden, on September 4-7 to discuss ways that women can be peacemakers in society and the community. This will contribute to the WCC's efforts in the Decade to Overcome Violence. An earlier encounter in the same series occurred in Tehran, Iran. The IID is a non-governmental body (NGO) whose Iran Youth for Peace and Interreligious Dialogue group has a member who is a United Religions Initiative (URI) global trustee for 2005-2008.
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Middle East realities and the churches’ responses
| Actions of the 217th PC(USA) General Assembly | Recent actions of partner churches in the U.S.|
Palestinian Lutheran bishop Munib Younan has said that working for justice is not political work but a biblical mandate, and Lutheran World Federation general secretary Ishmael Noko has called upon the children of the House of Abraham to "refrain from instrumentalizing holy scriptures to achieve political goals."
Shanta Premawardhana has written, "Christian Zionism is an auto-generated movement, not dependent on Jewish political Zionism. . . . We can be supporters of Israel, even Zionists, and at the same time stand against this theology" (blog entry of November 9, 2006). Presbyterian Donald Wagner says that Christian Zionism has been around since the 1600s but has now converged with trends in the U.S. fueled by 9/11 fears, end times prophecy, and political conservatism. A Jewish Daily Forward article by Michael Oren traces the story of American Jewish attitudes toward Zionism and says that Christians were previously the most ardent exponents of Zionism in the U.S.
Two important statements were adopted in 2006:
- On the Status of Jerusalem, from the patriarchs and heads of local Christian churches in Jerusalem, calls for a special open city status that corresponds to Jerusalem’s “double character, holy and universal, and ordinary and local.”
- A Declaraction on Christian Zionism, from Jerusalem church leaders, asserts that Christian Zionism is detrimental to peace in Palestine and Israel
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